“EX Works” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises, not cleared for export and not loaded onto a collecting vehicle.

The buyer has to bear the risks and costs involved in collecting the goods from the seller’s premises.

“Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier appointed by the buyer at the agreed place. The seller also has to clear the goods through customs for export.

This term can be used with any mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

“Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them alongside the vessel at the agreed port of shipment.

The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment. However, this term means that the seller has to clear the goods through customs for export.

This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.

“Free on Board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the agreed port of shipment. The seller also has to clear the goods through customs for export.

The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.

This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.

“Cost & Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the agreed port of shipment.

Once the goods have been delivered, the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the agreed port of destination. However, the risk of damage to or loss of the goods is transferred to the buyer.

According to this term, the seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export.

This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.

“Cost Insurance & Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the agreed port of shipment.

Once the goods have been delivered, the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the agreed port of destination. The seller also has to procure a minimum marine insurance to cover the buyer’s risks of loss of or damage to the goods during carriage.

According to this term, the seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export.

This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.

“Carriage & Insurance Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them at the disposal of the carrier nominated by him. The seller must also pay the costs of the carriage necessary to bring the goods to the agreed destination.

The seller also has to procure a minimum marine insurance to cover the buyer’s risks of loss of or damage to the goods during carriage.

According to this term, the seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export.

This term may be used with any mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

“Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them at the disposal of the carrier nominated by him. The seller must also pay the costs of the carriage necessary to bring the goods to the agreed destination.

However, once the goods have been so delivered, the risk of damage or loss passes to the buyer.

According to this term, the seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export.

This term may be used with any mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

“Delivered at Frontier” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for export, on the arriving means of transport not unloaded, at the nominated place at the agreed frontier, but before the customs point of the country of entry.

This term may be used with any mode of transport, when the goods are to be delivered at a land frontier.

“Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them at the disposal of the buyer on board the vessel, not cleared for import, at the agreed port of destination.

The seller has to bear all risks and costs involved in bringing the goods to the agreed port of destination, before discharging.

This term can be used only when the goods are to be delivered on board a vessel in the port of destination.

“Delivered Ex Quay” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them at the disposal of the buyer, not cleared for import, on the quay at the agreed port of destination.

The seller has to bear all risks and costs involved in bringing the goods to the agreed port of destination. The seller also bears the costs and risks of discharging the goods.

This term can be used only when the goods are to be delivered discharged from the vessel onto the quay at the agreed port of destination.

“Delivered Duty Unpaid” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them at the disposal of the buyer, on their arrival at the agreed place of destination in the country of the buyer.

The seller also has to bear all costs and risks of bringing the goods to the agreed point, excluding any customs duties, taxes and other charges necessary for importing the goods into the country of destination.

This term may be used with any mode of transport.

“Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller delivers the goods when he places them at the disposal of the buyer, on their arrival at the agreed place of destination in the country of the buyer.

The seller also has to bear all costs and risks of bringing the goods to the agreed point, including any customs duties, taxes and other charges necessary for importing the goods into the country of destination. In this way, this term should not be used by the seller if he is unable to obtain the import licence.

This term may be used with any mode of transport.